The typical chemical composition for this grade is given in the table below, together with composition limits given for the product according to different standards. The required standard will be fully met as specified on the order.

The chemical composition is given as % by mass.

¹⁾Elongation according to EN standard:
A₈₀ for thickness below 3 mm.
A for thickness = 3 mm.
Elongation according to ASTM standard A_2” or A₅₀.

Moda 409/4512 has a significantly increased corrosion resistance compared to mild carbon steel in many indoor and outdoor applications in rural areas, where chloride contamination is very low. When discoloration and superficial rusting is acceptable, it can often provide a sufficiently long service life in many structural applications and process environments where atmospheric corrosion conditions are more demanding. Paint or a protective coating may be applied for decorative applications, where rust and discoloration is not acceptable, and for use in areas with more severe corrosive attack. The best material performance is reached usually with the help of adequate design, correct post-weld treatment, and regular cleaning during use (if applicable).

Moda 409/4512 exhibits greater resistance to wear than unalloyed structural steels, especially in corrosive environments.

Due to its titanium content, the risk of sensitization to intergranular corrosion is strongly reduced when compared to non-stabilized ferritic grades. Moda 409/4512 can be used in the temperature range in which chromium carbides would precipitate in non-stabilized ferritic grades. Its maximum service temperature in dry air is 600 °C. The presence of other corrosive compounds in the hot environment, like water or sulfur compounds, may reduce the maximum service temperature significantly.

Outokumpu Moda 409/4512 has good corrosion resistance in solutions of many halogen-free organic and inorganic compounds over a wide temperature and concentration range. When in contact with acidic pH-value solutions, uniform corrosion is likely to already occur at low temperatures. More detailed information on the corrosion properties of Moda 409/4512 can be found in the Outokumpu Corrosion Tables published in the Outokumpu Corrosion Handbook and on Stainless Steel Finder.

In aqueous solutions containing halogenides, e.g. chlorides or bromides, pitting and crevice corrosion may occur depending on the halogenide concentration, temperature, pH-value, concentration of oxidizing compounds, or crevice geometry, if applicable. Even relatively low halogenide concentrations may lead to corrosion damages. The presence of corrosion-inhibiting or accelerating compounds like transition metal ions or organic compounds may influence the corrosion behavior of Moda 409/4512.

PRE Pitting Resistant Equivalent calculated using the formula: PRE = %Cr + 3.3 x %Mo + 16 x %N
CPT Corrosion Pitting Temperature as measured in the Avesta Cell (ASTM G 150), in a 1M NaCl solution (35,000 ppm or mg/l chloride ions).
CCT Critical Crevice Corrosion Temperature is the critical crevice corrosion temperature which is obtained by laboratory tests according to ASTM G 48 Method F

For more information on corrosion resistance, please refer to the Outokumpu Corrosion Handbook or contact our corrosion experts.

Forming

The formability of Moda 409/4512 is comparable to many high quality carbon steels. It is well suited for standard cold forming operations like bending, flanging, and drawing. This stabilized product is particularly suitable for deep drawing.

Machining

Moda 409/4512 is relatively easy to machine. Compared to austenitic grades, it has lower tendency to form edges, which gives a larger machining window. Since the machinability is comparable to that of low-alloyed carbon steels, the same recommendations regarding choice of tool, cutting speed, and cutting feed apply.

Welding

Moda 409/4512 has good weldability and can be welded with the common fusion and resistance welding methods. Conventional welding methods like MMA, MIG, MAG, TIG, SAW, LBW, or RSW, except gas welding are applicable. Austenitic 19 9 L (308L) or ferritic 12 L Nb (409LNb) or 18 L Nb (430LNb) filler metals can be used.

Low interstitial levels and added stabilizer have made enormous improvements to the welding characteristics of ferritic grades. Heat input should be minimized to reduce the grain growth in the heat affected zone (HAZ). Titanium stabilization of Moda 409/4512 improves autogenously welded joints by refining the grain structure in the weld metal. Stabilization prevents chromium carbide precipitation, which could otherwise lead to sensitization embrittlement. Consequently, the stabilized grades are practically immune to intergranular corrosion in the as-welded condition.

Shielding gases should be Ar/He based, mixed with a maximum of 2% oxygen to improve the arc stability. Hydrogen and nitrogen additions are forbidden.

More detailed information concerning welding procedures can be obtained from the Outokumpu Welding Handbook, available from our sales offices.